Does My Makeup Remover Need To Be Kosher For Pesach?
Ezra Hasofer established ten takanos (laws) covering a wide spectrum of Jewish life.i The purpose of these takanos was to enhance Torah study, Shabbos, the Jewish communal court system, and the sanctity of the Jewish habitation and marriage. One of the takanos was that salesmen should travel from town to town to supply perfume and fragrances to the women of each community.2 It is clear that these items were of import in Jewish life since aboriginal times.
The Star-1000 hotline receives numerous inquiries relating to cosmetics and halacha. One must know the answers to questions regarding these products that are commonly used. Does lipstick require kosher certification? During Pesach, may one use perfume or makeup that contains chometz? Are any cosmetics permissible for use on Shabbos and Yom Tov?
Considering these halachos are complex, it is important for consumers to have a clear grasp of the numerous issues and how to proceed in practice (halacha fifty'maaseh). The following are halachic guidelines of corrective utilize based on the psak of Rabbi Moshe Heinemann shlit"a, Rabbinic administrator of the Star-K.
I. Kashrus
We are familiar with the Torah law prohibiting one from eating not-kosher food. This halacha merely prohibits the consumption of non-kosher nutrient. One may, notwithstanding, derive benefit from non-kosher food.iii The " minhag haolam" (custom) is to include in this category the application of not-kosher cosmetics to the skin.4 For example, information technology is permissible for one to apply facial creams or lotions containing animal derivatives. I may even apply non-kosher ingredients to one's lips (e.yard. lipstick, lip balm). This is true even though one may inadvertently consume traces of lipstick that mix with food. These trace amounts of lipstick are batel b'shishim (i:60 or less).5
If in that location is no intention to swallow a non-food product (e.g. toothpaste, mouthwash, floss), i need not worry about the ingredients.half dozen Nonetheless, it is a hiddur to utilize kosher products if they might inadvertently exist swallowed. If a product is intentionally swallowed (due east.1000. jiff spray and breath freshener strips), the production requires kosher certification.7
Ii. Pesach
On Pesach, 1 may not consume, own or derive benefit from items that contain derivatives of the chameishes minei dagan – wheat, barley, spelt, oats, and rye.eight This halacha applies to all such items that are fit for human or canine consumption, including perfume and other products containing ethyl alcohol. Therefore, i may not use such products on Pesach until the source of booze is determined.ix
According to halacha, if a makeup is unfit for man and canine consumption, it may be used on Pesach even if it contains chometz ingredients. Even so, many individuals are strict and avoid using creams, lotions and liquids that contain chometz.10 This is particularly true for lipstick11 which one may inadvertently swallow.
III. Shabbos Issues
In that location are various halachic bug related to the use of cosmetics on Shabbos and Yom Tov.12
A. Tzovaya – I may non color on Shabbos. Therefore, one may not use makeup, including lipstick, on Shabbos.13 This is truthful even if it is applied lightly, on top of existing makeup, with one'south finger, or with a special castor. Included in this prohibition is mixing or blending two different colors together.
B. Schita/Libbun – One may non squeeze out or use a wet cloth on Shabbos. One may also not use a wet cleansing pad or sponge. Similarly, pouring toner or other liquids onto a cotton ball or adding water to a cloth is not allowed. One may not use a castor to employ liquid makeup, as this may constitute schita.
C. Memarayach – This melacha is a tolda of memachek. The following guidelines apply:
one. Solids and Ointments – One may not smear cream or ointment, or use bar soap, stick deodorant, or toothpaste on Shabbos. Similarly, one may not utilise lipstick on Shabbos. This is true even if the lipstick is applied lightly.
2. Mucilaginous Fluids – Thick oils and creamy hand soaps that are mucilaginous14 and pour slowly are also subject to this prohibition.fifteen For example, Softsoap Liquid Hand Soap may non be used on Shabbos due to its thickness.16
iii. Fluids with Low Viscosity – Oils that pour faster (with a viscosity of 600 cP or less) are non subject to this prohibition. For case, the Star-K tested Ultra Dawn Concentrated Dish Liquid/Anti-Bacterial Hand Soap 17 at room temperature (70°F)18 and determined that it is permissible to use on Shabbos. Regular liquid dishwashing lather may also exist used.nineteen Liquid deodorant in roll-on or spray form may also be used on Shabbos.xx
4. Diluting Thick Fluids – One may use a diluted fluid if the viscosity of the diluted product is 600 cP or less.21 For example, Softsoap Anti-Bacterial Liquid Hand Lather with Calorie-free Moisturizers that is diluted one part water into two parts soap (i.due east. ii/3 soap-one/three water) is permissible for utilise on Shabbos.22
D. Tochain – One may not grind on Shabbos. Some are of the opinion that i may non break upwards clumps of chroma or accept powder from a cake of blush on Shabbos.23
Due east. Refuah – One who has a discomfort (maychush) may non use a remedy24 (even a simple external one) on Shabbos.25 For case, one who has chapped lips may not use medicinal oil to soothe them.26
F. Boosted melachos that are prohibited and at times may be relevant to this affair include: Molid Rayach – Applying fragrance to wear, and Gozez – Shearing.
Due to the diverse halachic issues regarding makeup and cosmetics on Shabbos, it is advisable for one to apply all makeup before Shabbos begins. All makeup may exist practical on Erev Shabbos, even if information technology will remain on well into Shabbos.27 This includes long-lasting lipstick. This lipstick is sometimes referred to as "Shabbos lipstick," since it lasts for up to 24 hours. This "Shabbos lipstick" may not be applied once Shabbos has begun (this would plant tzovaya and memarayach) and should not be confused with "Shabbos makeup" in powdered course that some regime permit on Shabbos, as will be discussed.
Iv. "Shabbos Makeup"
HaRav Moshe Feinstein zt"l was of the opinion28 that one may employ powdered makeup that is non long lasting. This circumvents the problem of tzovaya. This pulverization is commonly known as "Shabbos makeup." Rav Moshe but allows the use of certain powders that have been advisedly tested to ensure they are not long lasting. HaRav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach zt"fifty 29 disagrees and opines that all makeup may not be applied on Shabbos regardless of how long information technology lasts. This opinion is more widely accepted past Poskim. Co-ordinate to Rav Shlomo Zalman, all makeup, even "Shabbos makeup," is forbidden to use on Shabbos. One should consult a Rav to determine which opinion i should follow.
To adjust with Rav Moshe's ruling, Shabbos makeup may but exist used nether the following conditions:
A. Tested – Information technology has been tested by a reliable Rav or certifying bureau to confirm that it is "temporary" enough to meet Rav Moshe's standards. The product that i wishes to use on Shabbos must be specifically endorsed by the Rav or certifying bureau. General statements should non be relied upon.
B. Dry Face – One may not utilize makeup onto a wet area (this will cause the makeup to stay on too long). Therefore, earlier applying makeup, one's face must be dry out and make clean. When using "Shabbos moisturizer" (i.due east. information technology is peculiarly prepared and approved for use on Shabbos), one must await until information technology has completely dried earlier applying Shabbos makeup.
C. No Mixing – 1 may not mix cosmetic colors, because of tzovaya. Therefore, a separate castor must be used for each color. Ane may not use Shabbos makeup on top of non-Shabbos foundation or makeup30 (that was applied before Shabbos). However, one may apply "Shabbos chroma" on top of "Shabbos foundation" or re-use Shabbos makeup over existing Shabbos makeup that is the same colour.31
D. Loose Powder – Co-ordinate to some opinions,32 before Shabbos, one should remove the makeup from the cake, intermission it up, and employ this loose pulverization on Shabbos.33
V. Applied Applications on Shabbos
A. Skincare 34 – On a weekday, before applying makeup, women oft employ cleansers, toners and moisturizers. On Shabbos, the post-obit halachos employ to the usage of these skin intendance handling products:
1. Cleansers – One may not apply cream or gel (memarayach) or moisture pad astringents (schita). However, one may apply a watery liquid cleanser with one'southward fingers. A cotton fiber ball or cotton pad may non be used. To remove the cleanser on Shabbos, ane should rinse it off with water or use a dry out towel or facial tissue. 1 may not utilise a moisture paper towel, pad or sponge.35
2. Toner – A liquid toner, used to freshen pare or to clean the pores, may exist practical directly (e.thousand. by spraying) onto one'southward face (without a cotton wool brawl). I may not utilise a wet paper towel or sponge to rinse it off.
3. Moisturizer – Almost all varieties of this product are in a cream course and therefore may not be used on Shabbos (memarayach). This is true for those dispensed by pump or from a jar. One possible substitute is a peculiarly prepared watered down spray or roll-on moisturizer.36 One must beginning confirm with a Rav that the production is watered down enough so that its usage does not found memarayach.37
4. Deep Cleansing Treatment, including facial scrubs, peels, and masks, are not permissible for apply on Shabbos since they are always in cream form and constitute memarayach.
B. Makeup – The post-obit are halachic guidelines regarding the use of different makeups on Shabbos. Note: Whenever a reference is made to Shabbos makeup, this refers to powders that have been tested by a reliable halachic authority to meet the standards of Rav Moshe zt"50 (as addressed in section 4). Equally previously noted, according to Rav Shlomo Zalman zt"l, no color powders may ever be used on Shabbos.
1. Foundation/Concealer – This production is used to fifty-fifty out skin tones, smooth away the appearance of fine lines and imperfections, and apply a hint of color.38
a. Moisturizing Foundation with oil is usually a liquidy cream. Due to its thickness information technology may not be used on Shabbos (memarayach).
b. Water Based Foundation has a less thick consistency, simply may still non be used on Shabbos (memarayach).
c. Pressed Cake Foundation that must be applied with a damp sponge may non be used on Shabbos (schita).
d. Powder Foundation – Powder foundation mostly may not be used on Shabbos (tzovaya). Nevertheless, there are Shabbos makeup powdered foundations available that are not long-lasting and may exist used according to Rav Moshe zt"fifty, under the conditions listed to a higher place (section IV).
2. Chroma/Rouge – These powders are used to add together colour to one's face and to heighten cheek color. Regular powdered blush may not be used on Shabbos (tzovaya). However, as previously mentioned, there is "Shabbos makeup" powdered blush bachelor that is non long-lasting and may be used according to Rav Moshe zt"l, under the conditions listed above (section Iv). Blush in cream or stick form may non be used on Shabbos (memarayach and tzovaya).
three. Heart Makeup – There are four areas of the center to which women utilize cosmetics to highlight and raise the appearance of the eye: the eyebrow, eyelid, eyeline, and eyelash. Applying middle makeup in the form of cosmetic creams, regular not-Shabbos powders, block (powder that one mixes with water), pencils, and liquid eyeliners, is strictly forbidden on Shabbos.39
Besides the normal weather condition of Shabbos makeup, according to some opinions, eye makeup poses additional concerns regarding blending colors (tzovaya).40 The post-obit are halachic guidelines when using eye makeup. Note: These conditions are in addition to the general Shabbos makeup conditions listed in department 4.41
a. Eyelid – Typically, women use two or iii colors of makeup to the different areas of the eyelid. Information technology is preferable to avoid doing this on Shabbos, since these colors will touch one some other and blend. Therefore, it is all-time to utilize merely one color of "Shabbos makeup" powder to the eyelid.
b. Eyebrow and Eyeline – Women typically utilise cosmetic pencil/liquid eyeliner on these areas. As indicated previously, these may not exist used on Shabbos. However, at that place are Shabbos makeup powdered eyeliners available that are non long-lasting and may be used according to Rav Moshe zt"l, under the atmospheric condition listed above (section Four).
If the Shabbos eyebrow or eyeline powdered makeup color is different from the eyelid makeup colour, it is preferable that the two colors do not touch.
One may not tweeze eyebrows on Shabbos.
c. Eyelashes – Mascara is used to color and lengthen eyelashes. The apply of this production with or without a castor on Shabbos is forbidden.42
4. Lip Makeup
a. Lipstick/Lipliner – 1 may not use lipstick or lipliner on Shabbos, every bit, according to all opinions, this constitutes tzovaya and memarayach.43 This is true fifty-fifty if it is applied lightly or on top of existing makeup. As previously indicated, 1 may apply regular or actress long-lasting lipstick on Erev Shabbos.
b. Lip Powder – According to some Poskim, non long-lasting Shabbos makeup pulverization may be used on the lips44 under the conditions listed above (section IV), based on the opinion that non long-lasting powdered blush is permissible. Nonetheless, there are other Poskim who say even those who use non long-lasting powdered chroma should not apply powder on their lips.45 According to these opinions, women who wish to accept makeup on their lips should not apply powder on their lips on Shabbos, but rather use long lasting lipstick on Erev Shabbos – v'hamachmir al zeh tavoh aleha bracha.
c. Lip Gloss – This product may not exist used on Shabbos (tzovaya). This is true even if one applies untinted/clear lipgloss, as the Poskim consider this a grade of tzovaya.46 If 1 uses a castor, it also creates the problem of schita. Lip sealer on height of existing makeup is also non permitted.47
d. Chapstick and Vaseline – These may not be used on Shabbos, equally their use constitutes memarayach.48
C. Makeup Removal – If makeup must be removed on Shabbos, the following guidelines use:
ane. I may not utilize foam, petroleum jelly, or thick makeup removers (memarayach).
ii. 1 may use liquid eye makeup remover, liquid cleanser, or baby oil in guild to remove makeup. These products must have a watery consistency, and one must utilize them by finger. One may not utilise a moisture cotton wool ball or wet Q-tip to remove the makeup, as this constitutes schita.
3. According to some, ane may not apply a dry Q-tip, textile, or tissue to rub off makeup.49 Others allow this.50 The custom is to exist lenient.
D. Perfume – 1 is permitted to utilise perfume and fragrances onto 1'south body. Ane may non employ perfume or whatsoever fragrance to wearable or sheitels to brand them olfactory property nice. Information technology is prohibited because it is molid rayach.
E. Nails – Ane may not clip or file nails on Shabbos (gozez). Ane may not employ boom polish (tzovaya). Colorless nail polish may also not be used.51
One may do all of these activities before Shabbos begins. If a woman needs to remove nail smooth, it should be done earlier Shabbos. If one inadvertently left some nail smooth on when Shabbos began, in grooming for tevilah, i may use blast polish remover on Shabbos. All the same, ane may not pour the remover onto a cotton ball. Rather, one should pour it directly on the nail and rub information technology off with one's finger.
Vi. Permanent Makeup
In the procedure of applying permanent makeup, also known as micro pigmentation or corrective tattooing, a needle deposits colored pigments made from iron oxide below the top layer of the peel. This procedure, applied on lips and around the eyes, is a form of tattooing and is thus prohibited52 by the Torah (ksoves ka'aka). The prohibition of ksoves ka'aka applies even to makeup that is "semi-permanent" which only lasts for several years.53
The cosmetic industry has greatly changed since the days of Ezra Hasofer. The traveling salesmen of yesteryear have been replaced by the multi-billion dollar cosmetic industry of today. What hasn't changed are the dinim and the importance of knowing and understanding the halachic guidelines of cosmetics that affect women.
The author wishes to give thanks Rabbi Shmuel Fuerst, Rabbi Dovid Weinberger, Dr. Yossi Scheller, Mrs. Shaindee Kelman of Shain-Dee Cosmetics (Baltimore, Md), and Mrs. Raizel Halon of Complete Added Touch (Lakewood, NJ), for their assist in preparing this article.
1 Bava Kamma 82
ii Also see Medrash Tanchuma Vayishlach Siman 5 – "Rabanan Amri, etc."
3 However, one may not derive benefit from milk and meat mixtures heated while in an edible country in a higher place yad soledes. There are different opinions, ranging from 110°F – 120°F, every bit to the temperature of yad soledes. HaRav Aharon Kotler zt"l was of the stance that it is 120°F. In general, one may also not derive benefit from products containing non-kosher vino or grape juice.
4 Run across Biur Halacha 326:10 "Bsha'ar" who states this is the minhag haolam (unlike the opinion of the Gr"a).
5 It is likewise a davar she'aino mischaven with no psik raisha.
six It is non fit for human consumption and there is no Achshivay.
7 If one is sick and requires non-kosher medication, see "A Kashrus Guide to Medications, Vitamins, and Nutritional Supplements".
eight The Ashkenazic custom is also not to consume kitniyos (legume products, including corn) on Pesach. However, one may ain and derive benefit from these items. Therefore, makeup containing corn starch and other kitniyos derivatives may exist used on Pesach.
ix Wheat alcohol is chometz. 1 may derive benefit from alcohol derived from corn and petroleum.
ten Examples of chometz ingredients include wheat protein, wheat germ, avena, beta glucan, oat extracts, and triticum vulgare. To help those individuals who wish to be strict, STAR-K, in conjunction with Kollel Los Angeles, annually publishes an informational guide to Passover Medicines and Cosmetics, prepared by Rav Gershon Bess. For a full word meet section IV – Pesach Medication & Cosmetics: The Halochos & Lists article.
11 Powdered products (e.g. powdered blush and foundation) and pencil containing chometz may be used even past those who are by and large mehader since they are not ra'uy l'achila and there is no sicha k'shtiya when using these products.
12 Unless otherwise indicated, wherever Shabbos is referred to, Yom Tov is included, as the halachos regarding cosmetics are identical. On Chol Hamoed all of the activities regarding makeup that are addressed are permissible fifty'tzorech hamoed (for Chol Hamoed or Yom Tov).
xiii Shulchan Aruch Orach Chaim 303:25 and Mishna Brura 303:79
As to whether applying makeup is tzovaya d'oraysa or d'rabanan, come across Periodical of Halacha and Contemporary Society, Number IX, pg. 68. This essay by Rabbi J. David Bleich also addresses issues relating to the use of "Shabbos makeup." This topic will be addressed in the next department.
14 Viscosity is the property of resistance to period, in a fluid. One unit of measurement is a centipoise (cP). H2o has a viscosity of 1 cP. The viscosity of olive oil is 84 cP. The viscosity of store-bought honey at room temperature (70°F) is 8500 cP (this is a sample figure, other factors [e.one thousand. type of dear, water content] may change the viscosity).
15 We measured the viscosity of various liquids using a viscometer. Our results point that products with a viscosity higher than 600 cP are subject to memarayach. Run across too Kitzur Hilchos Shabbos 32:4 who has a unlike opinion in this matter.
sixteen Our tests point that this product has a much higher viscosity than 600 cP. If one is concerned virtually illness (e.g., Covid), and only has such liquid soap bachelor, there are grounds for leniency.
17 This product is used for both washing hands and washing dishes and has a viscosity of 600 cP. See likewise Igros Moshe Orach Chaim ane:113 who has a different stance regarding this matter.
18 It should be noted that as the temperature decreases the viscosity of the product increases.
xix Since the viscosity is less than 600 cP. "Regular" liquid dishwashing soap refers to liquid lather intended for washing dishes only.
twenty This only applies to deodorant – nonetheless, anti-perspirant may be considered refuah. This explanation answers the contradiction betwixt Shulchan Aruch 303:15 and 328:36 every bit discussed in Bris Olam – Tochain 71.
21 According to some opinions, one should dilute the liquid manus soap before Shabbos.
22 Our testing indicates that the dilution lowers the viscosity of this product to less than 600 cP. It should exist noted that this ratio of ane:ii does not necessarily apply to all products. Some formulations may crave a greater dilution with water. In addition, it should exist noted that on the contrary, some products, when diluted with water, become even more viscous. [An additional factor in the discussion of memarayach is the effect of surface tension on the flow rates of liquids. This complex topic is beyond the scope of this commodity.]
23 This opinion is said in the name of Rav Moshe Feinstein zt"50. This issue is dependent upon the guidelines of "ain tochain achar tochain" every bit addressed in Ktzos Hashulchan, Chapter 129, footnote xvi.
24 This was decreed past Chazal lest i come to grind herbs to make medicine (shchikas samimanim). The gezaira does not apply to maachal briyim – nutrient items used by salubrious people (e.g. 1 may drinkable tea for a sore throat). In add-on, this gezaira merely applies to one who has a maychush. A choleh she'ain bo sakana (one who is ill, whose life is not in danger) and certainly a choleh sheyaish bo sakana (i whose life may be in danger) may take medication on Shabbos and are non subject to this gezaira.
25 This halacha also applies on Yom Tov, but does non apply on Yom Tov Sheini (i.e. the second day of the Shalosh Regalim [Pesach, Shavuos and Sukkos], the last twenty-four hour period of Pesach, and Simchas Torah). For purposes of this halacha, the 2d solar day of Rosh Hashanah is not considered Yom Tov Sheini and this halacha applies.
26 Using Chapstick or cream may as well constitute memarayach. This issue will be addressed at the end of section V-B.
27 There is no business concern of mar'is ha'ayin (i.e. we are not concerned someone may call back this makeup was applied on Shabbos.)
28 Igros Moshe Orach Chaim one:114 and 5:27. A similar opinion is found in Yechaveh Da'equally 4:28.
29 Shmiras Shabbos Thou'hilchasa Chapter 14, footnote 158.
xxx Ktzos Hashulchan 146, footnote 20 – This may cause the Shabbos makeup to stay on longer.
31 In regards to applying Shabbos blush on top of Shabbos blush that is a different color or assuasive different colors of Shabbos powdered eye makeup to touch on, the following guidelines use: Cosmetic chemists informed u.s. that when 2 "Shabbos makeup" colors mix on one's face up, the new color is nevertheless a davar she'aino miskayem. Therefore, it would not establish tzovaya. Withal, since under certain circumstances blending colors could found tzovaya, co-ordinate to some opinions, information technology is all-time not to allow different colors of powdered blush or eye makeup to touch even in a davar she'aino miskayem scenario – k'dei shelo asee leydai takala.
32 Run across footnote 23.
33 The pulverisation should not be left on the cake, but rather stored elsewhere.
34 The halachos in the Skincare section are independent of the dispute regarding Shabbos makeup and therefore, Rav Shlomo Zalman zt"50 would agree to the halachos in this department (V-A; Skincare).
35 Removing makeup will be discussed later (section 5-C).
36 In regards to using Shabbos makeup after applying Shabbos moisturizer, see guidelines to a higher place (section IV-B).
37 These guidelines were addressed to a higher place (department 3-C)
38 Therefore, tzovaya may apply. As will be indicated, other melachos may also employ.
39 All involve the melacha of tzovaya and other possible prohibitions including schita and memarayach.
forty For a further explanation of this event, see footnote #31.
41 As previously indicated, what is listed equally permissible in this section is only according to Rav Moshe zt"l when using approved Shabbos makeup. Rav Shlomo Zalman zt"fifty holds it is non permissible.
42 The liquid application from the brush is schita and tzovaya. Coating lashes without a brush is also prohibited as it is tzovaya and may lead to schita.
43 Igros Moshe Orach Chaim ane:114.
44 Cosmetic chemists informed u.s.a. that non-long lasting powdered blush volition be equally non-long lasting on the lips and is a davar she'aino miskayem.
45 M'dei shelo asee leydai takala.
46 Shmiras Shabbos G'hilchasa 14:58 in the name of Rav Shlomo Zalman zt"l. This is too stated in the proper noun of Rav Moshe Feinstein zt"l.
47 It is something that is miskayem.
48 An boosted trouble may be refuah (see 3-Due east). It should be noted that a choleh she'ain bo sakana may dab on creams or ointments without smearing them. Ane whose lips are bleeding or a baby with diaper rash are included in this category. A choleh sheyaish bo sakana may apply creams and ointments in a regular style, if necessary.
49 See Tzitz Eliezer, Book ix, page 76 (Chapter 2, Siman 17 – 18:31-32).
fifty Run into Shmiras Shabbos G'hilchasa, Chapter 14, footnote 79, in the proper name of Rav Shlomo Zalman zt"fifty.
51 Shmiras Shabbos Chiliad'hilchasa ibid 57.
52 Shevet Halevi 10:137.
Both the derma-technician who applies the permanent makeup and the one upon whom the permanent makeup is applied to, would be transgressing this prohibition (Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah 180:2 and Shach 180:4).
For a discussion regarding whether other types of corrective surgery are permissible, see Igros Moshe Choshen Mishpat 2:66.
53 Shraga Hameir eight:44 and L'Horos Nasan 10:64 – We have also heard this from other Poskim.
Does My Makeup Remover Need To Be Kosher For Pesach?,
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